https://blog.csdn.net/weiwei_baby/article/details/60764961
格式 scanf %ld, %li long int * %lo, %lu, %lx unsigned long int * %hd, %hi short int * %ho, %hu, %hx unsigned short int * %e, %f, %g float * %le, %lf, %lg double * %s char * %[...] char * %p void ** %n int * %% none